LeRoy Spaniol, PhD, 1938-2020.

Presents the obituary of LeRoy Spaniol, PhD (1938-2020). LeRoy was a professor at Boston University for 31 years and a cofounder and senior director at the Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation from 1974 until his retirement. Leroy's dedication to service began early in his life as a seminarian, followed by his work as a therapist helping people heal from divorce and serious mental illness. LeRoy's nationally and internationally cited research and prolific publications focused on the role of the family in psychiatric rehabilitation, effectively serving homeless individuals, competency-based staff training, program evaluation, and coping and recovery from serious mental illnesses. LeRoy's research and authorship of training curricula that emphasized the importance of recovery "as a possibility and even an expectation and key paradigm shift for our field" is a hallmark of his work. To that end, one of LeRoy's proudest accomplishments was founding and teaching in the Recovery Education Center, a rehabilitation program for people with psychiatric disabilities at the Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation at Boston University. LeRoy participated on many national and regional boards of directors and commissions, and research review committees and was a founding member of the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) of Massachusetts in 1982. His work with families continued in his retirement, serving as president of NAMI of Cape Cod for 8 years. The awards and distinctions that LeRoy received throughout his career are numerous, and of key importance to him was the LeRoy Spaniol Educator Award established by the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Association (PRA). This award is presented to an individual who has made outstanding contributions toward educating and mentoring a new generation of leaders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

A short history of individual placement and support in Norway.

OBJECTIVE: Norway is a high-income and high-cost society with a generous welfare system, and it has the largest mental health-related unemployment gap of the OECD countries. The aim of the current article was to present a short history of Individual Placement and Support (IPS) services to increase work participation in Norway. METHOD: We provide a narrative overview of the developments and research on IPS in Norway, from the introduction of supported employment to recent and ongoing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of IPS for various target groups. FINDINGS: While vocational rehabilitation services in Norway have traditionally followed a train-then-place approach, the introduction of supported employment in the early 1990s led to a range of new initiatives to increase work participation. Early implementations were inspired by supported employment but did not follow the evidence-based IPS methodology. More recent developments include a shift toward evidence-based IPS, and the first Norwegian RCT of IPS showed effectiveness on both work- and health-related outcomes among people with moderate to severe mental illness. Several ongoing trials are currently investigating IPS for new target groups, including chronic pain patients and refugees. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The results suggest that IPS is more effective than traditional approaches to increase work participation, even in the Norwegian context of a high-cost welfare society. IPS has shown effectiveness in severe as well as more common types of mental illness in Norway, and results from ongoing trials will further reveal whether IPS may be expanded to various new target groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Atuação da enfermagem na implantação das residências terapêuticas para pessoas com transtorno psiquiátrico no município de Duque de Caxias-RJ (2004-2011) / Nursing actuations in the implantation of therapeutics residences for people with psychiatric disorder in the municipality of Duque de Caxias-RJ (2004-2011)

A Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira reconfigurou a assistência à pessoa com sofrimento psíquico e impôs a necessidade de criação de dispositivos terapêuticos, em substituição ao modelo manicomial. Nesse contexto são criadas as Residências Terapêuticas. No entanto, o seu processo de implantação é complexo, cuja participação da enfermagem é significativa. Os objetivos do estudo são: descrever as circunstâncias de criação das Residências Terapêuticas no município de Duque de Caxias- RJ e discutir a participação da enfermagem no processo de implantação das Residências Terapêuticas em Duque de Caxias- RJ. Metodologia: estudo histórico-social, cujas fontes primárias constituíram-se de leis, decretos, portarias e relatórios, além de depoimentos orais de profissionais envolvidos nesse processo. O recorte temporal foi de 2004 a 2011. As informações colhidas foram organizadas, classificadas e analisadas conforme o método histórico, com apoio da literatura sobre o tema. Além destes, foram utilizados para fundamentar a análise os conceitos que nortearam a Reforma Psiquiátrica: desospitalização, desinstitucionalização, reinserção social, reabilitação psicossocial e cidadania. Resultados: pode-se inferir que a implantação das Residências Terapêuticas representou um processo complexo onde se evidenciou a participação da enfermagem no planeamento, coordenação e implantação das residências terapêuticas no município de Duque de Caxias, estado do Rio de Janeiro- Brasil, onde a atuação do enfermeiro se deu também através da participação em dispositivos extra-hospitalares que compõem a rede de atenção à saúde mental no município de Duque de Caxias. Conclusão: a participação da enfermagem na implantação enquanto elo entre as Residências e a rede de apoio foi fundamental e imprescindível para o êxito desta política e para o resgate da cidadania e autonomia do usuário.(AU)

[Historic evolution of psychiatric care paradigms]. / La evolución histórica de los paradigmas de atención en psiquiatría.

The rehabilitation of severely mentally-ill patients and their return to the community are related to historical progress. Their potential of achieving these goals is higher or lower depending on the presence of more or less stigma attached to their condition. Watts and Bennett have divided psychiatric rehabilitation into three phases: Phase 1: Very little was done because there was not much to be done. Patients were rejected and received mistreatment. Phase 2: Their vulnerability was admitted and protection was given to the disabled; services were provided by charity and voluntary religious institutions; there was no clear distinction between illness and poverty. Phase 3: Modern psychiatric rehabilitation began after the two World Wars in the 20th century, with attempts to modify and to oppose disability with the development of other skills. Psychiatric rehabilitation programs help these patients to resume life in the community and prevent their social isolation. By ensuring continuity of their treatment, rehabilitation programs reduce relapses and hospitalizations, thereby contributing to preserve family life and social inclusion. This reduces treatment costs to both families and communities, while promoting patients' reinsertion and recovery in the community according to their individual needs.

[Psychological rehabilitation in patients with ischemic heart disease in the last 30 years].

Cardiological rehabilitation is one of the basic methods used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease. Complex cardiological rehabilitation consists of clinical assessment, pharmacotherapy, kinesitherapy, psychological rehabilitation, assessment of cardiovascular risk factors prevalence, lifestyle modification and health education of patients. The paper presents methods of psychological therapy applied at different stages of psychological rehabilitation in traditional clinical procedure in patients with ischemic heart disease. In the mid 90-ties of the 20th century new, invasive diagnostic and treatment methods of cardiovascular diseases were introduced. Along with application of modern methods of invasive treatment methods of psychological rehabilitation changed towards crisis intervention.

[Art, mental health, and public healthcare: profile of a care culture in the history of São Paulo city]. / Arte, saúde mental e atenção pública: traços de uma cultura de cuidado na história da cidade de São Paulo.

By studying the inclusion of artistic and cultural activities in the care provided throughout the history of public mental healthcare in greater São Paulo, Brazil, we can better understand and characterize the practices adopted in the Psychosocial Care Centers in the city today. Experiments carried out between the 1920s and 1990s are investigated, based on bibliographic research. The contemporary data were obtained from research undertaken at 126 workshops at 21 Psychosocial Care Centers in the same city between April 2007 and April 2008. The findings indicate that the current trend in mental healthcare, whose clinical perspective spans the realms of art and mental health and has territorial ramifications, has maintained some of the features encountered in earlier mental healthcare experiments.